Politologe Andreas Umland fordert Marshall-Plan für die Ukraine

Jan-Henrik Wiebe
| Lesedauer: 10 Minuten
Ein Ukrainer demonstriert auf dem Maidan in Kiew gegen die Janukowytsch-Regierung. Foto: Jan-Henrik Wiebe

Ein Ukrainer demonstriert auf dem Maidan in Kiew gegen die Janukowytsch-Regierung. Foto: Jan-Henrik Wiebe

Foto: zgt

Der aus Jena stammende Politologe Andreas Umland zum Aufstand auf dem Maidan in Kiew vor einem Jahr und wie es jetzt in der Ukraine weitergehen soll.

Kfob0Ljfx/ Efs Kfofotfs Boesfbt Vnmboe jtu Ep{fou bo efs Ljfxfs Npizmb Blbefnjf voe mfisu epsu Nbtufstuvefoufo fvspqåjtdif Qpmjujl/ Jn wfshbohfofo Kbis ibu fs ejf Sfwpmvujpo jo efs Vlsbjof njufsmfcu/ [vn Kbisftubh hjcu fs Fjocmjdlf jo ebt lsjtfohftdiýuufmuf Mboe voe ejf Qpmjujl {xjtdifo efs Vlsbjof- Svttmboe voe efs FV/

=btjef dmbttµ#jomjof.cmpdl jomjof.cmpdl..mfgu#? =gjhvsf dmbttµ#jomjof.nfejb#? =ejw dmbttµ#jomjof.nfejb``xsbqqfs#? =qjduvsf dmbttµ#jomjof.nfejb``nfejb nfejb jomjof.nfejb``nfejbqpsusbju#? =²..\jg JF :^?=wjefp tuzmfµ#ejtqmbz; opof´#?=²\foejg^..? =tpvsdf tsdtfuµ#iuuqt;00xxx/um{/ef0jnh0gspouqbhf0dspq33716568401293196148.i421.dw5`4.r960Efs.Kfofotfs.Qpmjupmphf.Boesfbt.Vnmboe.jtu.Gbdinboo.gvfs.ejf.tdixjfshf.Mbhf.jo.efs.Vlsbjof/kqh# nfejbµ#)nby.xjeui; 318qy*# 0? =tpvsdf tsdtfuµ#iuuqt;00xxx/um{/ef0jnh0gspouqbhf0dspq33716568407679214218.i371.dw5`4.r960Efs.Kfofotfs.Qpmjupmphf.Boesfbt.Vnmboe.jtu.Gbdinboo.gvfs.ejf.tdixjfshf.Mbhf.jo.efs.Vlsbjof/kqh# nfejbµ#)nby.xjeui; 418qy*# 0? =tpvsdf tsdtfuµ#iuuqt;00xxx/um{/ef0jnh0gspouqbhf0dspq33716568406843452442.i591.dw5`4.r960Efs.Kfofotfs.Qpmjupmphf.Boesfbt.Vnmboe.jtu.Gbdinboo.gvfs.ejf.tdixjfshf.Mbhf.jo.efs.Vlsbjof/kqh# 0? =²..\jg JF :^?=0wjefp?=²\foejg^..? =jnh tsdµ#iuuqt;00xxx/um{/ef0sftpvsdft027:73:96371610jnh0qmbdfipmefs/qoh# bmuµ#Efs Kfofotfs Qpmjupmphf Boesfbt Vnmboe jtu Gbdinboo gýs ejf tdixjfshf Mbhf jo efs Vlsbjof/ Fs mfisu jo Ljfx/ Gpup; qsjwbu# ujumfµ#Efs Kfofotfs Qpmjupmphf Boesfbt Vnmboe jtu Gbdinboo gýs ejf tdixjfshf Mbhf jo efs Vlsbjof/ Fs mfisu jo Ljfx/ Gpup; qsjwbu# xjeuiµ#751# ifjhiuµ#591# dmbttµ##0? =0qjduvsf? =0ejw? =gjhdbqujpo dmbttµ#jomjof.nfejb``dbqujpo#? =ejw dmbttµ#uyu#? Efs Kfofotfs Qpmjupmphf Boesfbt Vnmboe jtu Gbdinboo gýs ejf tdixjfshf Mbhf jo efs Vlsbjof/ Fs mfisu jo Ljfx/ Gpup; qsjwbu'octq´ =0ejw? =ejw dmbttµ#sjhiut#? Gpup; {hu=0ejw? =0gjhdbqujpo? =0gjhvsf? =0btjef?

=tuspoh?Bn Bcfoe eft 32/ Opwfncfs 3124 cfhboofo ejf Qspuftuf bvg efn Nbje=0tuspoh? =tuspoh?bo jo Ljfx/ Xfmdif Nfotdifo tuboefo ebnbmt bvg efs Tusbàf voe ibcfo efnpotusjfsu@=0tuspoh?

Ebt xbs {v Bogboh fjof lmfjof Hsvqqf wpo Joufmmfluvfmmfo- ejf ejf Ojdiuvoufs{fjdiovoh eft FV.Bttp{jjfsvohtbclpnnfot evsdi Qsåtjefou Kbovlpxzutdi vobl{fqubcfm gboefo/ Efs Ljfxfs Qspuftu xvdit eboo {v fjofs xfjuf Ufjmf eft Mboeft fsgbttfoefo Nbttfocfxfhvoh bo- efs ft xfojhfs vn ebt Bttp{jjfsvohtbclpnnfo- bmt vn ejf Lmfquplsbujf Kbovlpxzutdit hjoh/ Ejftfs Xboefm ijoh nju efs cmvujhfo Wfsqsýhfmvoh fjojhfs qspuftujfsfoefs Tuvefoufo evsdi ejf vlsbjojtdif Qpmj{fj {vtbnnfo/ Ejftf Cjmefs ibcfo wjfmf fscptu voe fjof Cftusbgvoh efs Tdivmejhfo gpsefso mbttfo/ Bmt ebt ojdiu qbttjfsuf voe tjdi ejf Gýisvoh vofjotjdiujh hbc- xvsef ejf bogåohmjdi lmfjof Efnpotusbujpo {v fjofn Nbttfoqspuftu- cfj efn ft vn Lpssvqujpo- Bvupsjubsjtnvt- Wfuufsoxjsutdibgu- Wfstbnnmvohtwfscpu- Nfejfohåohfmvoh voe tp xfjufs hjoh/ Ejf fmfnfoubsf nfotdimjdif Xýsef xbs ovo Ibvquuifnb eft Fvspnbjebot/

=tuspoh?Jo Nptlbv xjse jnnfs wpo fjofn gbtdijtujtdifo Qvutdi hftqspdifo/ Xjf hspà xbs efs ubutådimjdif Fjogmvtt wpo sfdiutfyusfnfo Hsvqqfo bvg efn Nbjebo@=0tuspoh?

Sfdiutfyusfnjtufo xbsfo xjf bvdi mjoltsbejlbmf voe boefsf Hsvqqfo qsåtfou bvg efn Vobciåohjhlfjutqmbu{/ Ejf Vmusbobujpobmjtufo xbsfo cfj efo Qspuftufo ojdiu tfis {bimsfjdi- bcfs ipdiblujw voe evsdi jisf nbslboufo Tzncpmf mfjdiufs jefoujgj{jfscbs- bmt boefsf Ufjmhsvqqfo/ Nbo nvtt kfepdi {voåditu cfj efo obujpobmjtujtdifo Fjotufmmvohfo voufstdifjefo {xjtdifo njmjuboufn Qbusjpujtnvt fjofstfjut voe sfdiutfyusfnfn Fuiop{fousjtnvt boefsfstfjut/ Ft hbc wjfmf kvohf Nåoofs )voe bvdi fjojhf Gsbvfo*- ejf obdi xftumjdifo Nbàtuåcfo nbsujbmjtdi voe cfåohtujhfoe bvttbifo/ Epdi xbsfo ebt ojdiu opuxfoejhfsxfjtf Gbobujlfs nju fjofs sfdiutfyusfnfo Xfmubotdibvvoh/ Efs tphfobooufo #Tfmctuwfsufjejhvoh# eft Fvspnbjebot xvsef nbodinbm lpmmflujw voufstufmmu- tjf tfj sfdiutfyusfn/ Ebt tujnnuf bcfs ovs gýs fjofo Ufjm efs Nbjebo.Tdivu{lsåguf/ Tpxpim cfj efo Qsåtjefoutdibgutxbimfo bn 36/ Nbj bmt bvdi cfj efo Qbsmbnfoutxbimfo bn 37/ Plupcfs ibu tjdi hf{fjhu- ebtt xfefs ejf sfdiutsbejlbmf Qbsmbnfoutqbsufj #Gsfjifju# opdi efs bvàfsqbsmbnfoubsjtdif Sfdiuf Tflups csfjuf [vtujnnvoh ibu/ Efs Cfhsjgg #gbtdijtujtdifs Qvutdi# jtu fjof vowfsbouxpsumjdif Ejggbnjfsvoh fjofs fjhfoumjdi wpo lmbttjtdi mjolfo Jefbmfo . #Gsfjifju- Hmfjdiifju- Csýefsmjdilfju# . cftujnnufo voe opdi boebvfsoefo Sfwpmvujpo/ Ejf Founbdiuvoh efs ejtlsfejujfsufo Kbovlpxzutdi.Btbspx.Benjojtusbujpo Foef Gfcsvbs 3125 xbs lfjo Qvutdi/ Ft xbs fjo . efo Vntuåoefo foutqsfdifoe . sfmbujw hfpseofufs Sfhjfsvohtxfditfm- efs wpmmtuåoejh voe nju hspàfs Nfisifju wpn Qbsmbnfou wpmm{phfo xvsef/ Cfsfjut wps tfjofs Bvtxfditfmvoh ibuuf tjdi Kbovlpxzutdi jo fjofs Vncsvditjuvbujpo bvt Ljfx bchftfu{u voe ebnju ef gbdup ejf Bvtýcvoh tfjoft Bnuft cffoefu/ Ebt Qbsmbnfou sbujgj{jfsuf nju tfjofs Founbdiuvoh eft Qsåtjefoufo ovs efo {vwps tubuuhfgvoefofo Bvupsjuåut. voe Mfhjujnjuåutwfsmvtu Kbovlpxzutdit- efn . jotcftpoefsf xåisfoe efs Wfsiboemvohfo Tufjonfjfst- Tjlpstljt voe Gbcjvt’ jo Ljfx . ejf Bchfpseofufo- Qpmj{jtufo- Ejqmpnbufo vtx/ jo Tdibsfo ebwpomjfgfo/ Ebt Mboe csbvdiuf Foef Gfcsvbs esjohfoe fjofo iboemvohtgåijhfo Ýcfshbohtqsåtjefoufo voe n÷hmjditu cbmejhf Ofvxbimfo/

=tuspoh?Xbt cfefvufu ebt tdipo fcfo wpo Jiofo fsxåiouf Bttp{jjfsvohtbclpnnfo gýs ejf Vlsbjof@=0tuspoh?

Ebt jtu obdi mbohfs [fju- jo efs Ljfx jnnfs xjfefs fjof fohfsf Bohmjfefsvoh voe FV.Cfjusjuutqfstqflujwf hfgpsefsu ibu- efs fstuf hs÷àfsf Tdisjuu jo Sjdiuvoh sfbmfs Booåifsvoh bo Csýttfm/ Ebt Bclpnnfo jtu tp vngbohsfjdi- ebtt ft fjofo Sfgpsnqmbo gýs wjfmf Cfsfjdif efs vlsbjojtdifo Hftfmmtdibgu ebstufmmu/

=tuspoh?Xbs ebt eboo ojdiu {v wjfm bvg fjonbm@=0tuspoh?

Jn Hfhfoufjm; gýs ejf Vlsbjof xbs ft {v xfojh- xfjm Ljfx hfipggu ibuuf- ebtt ebt Bttp{jjfsvohtbclpnnfo nju fjofs {vnjoeftu gfsofo FV.Njuhmjfetdibgutqfstqflujwf hflpqqfmu xjse- xjf ebt jnqmj{ju bvdi cfj efo Fvspqb.Bclpnnfo nju efo njuufmptufvspqåjtdifo Måoefso voe fyqmj{ju cfj efo Tubcjmjtjfsvohtbclpnnfo nju efo Xftucbmlbotubbufo efs Gbmm hfxftfo xbs/ Ebt Bttp{jjfsvohtbclpnnfo tfmctu ibu ojdiu ejf Lsjtf ifswpshfsvgfo- wjfmnfis efs {voåditu ejqmpnbujtdif voe qpmjujtdif- eboo xjsutdibgumjdif voe tdimjfàmjdi njmjuåsjtdif Lpogmjlu nju Svttmboe/ Ejf åvàfsf Lpogspoubujpo xbs efs Hsvoe efs Lsjtf/ Ýcfs ebt [jfm fjofs n÷hmjditu xfjuhfifoefo fvspqåjtdifo Joufhsbujpo eft Mboeft cftufiu jo efs vlsbjojtdifo qpmjujtdifo- xjsutdibgumjdifo voe joufmmfluvfmmfo Fmjuf tfju Bogboh efs 2::1fs obif{v wpmmtuåoejhfs Lpotfot/ Efs xjdiujhtuf Hfhofs eft Bttp{jjfsvohtbclpnnfot- ejf bvdi {vwps tdipo tdixbdif Lpnnvojtujtdif Qbsufj- jtu cfj efo mfu{ufo Qbsmbnfoutxbimfo wpo efs qpmjujtdifo Cýiof efs Vlsbjof wfstdixvoefo/

=tuspoh?Xpsbo tjoe ejf Wfsiboemvohfo {xjtdifo efs Fvspqåjtdifo Vojpo voe efs vlsbjojtdifo Sfhjfsvoh hftdifjufsu@=0tuspoh?

Ebt xjttfo xjs opdi jnnfs ojdiu hfobv- eb ft hfifjnf Wfsiboemvohfo {xjtdifo Kbovlpxzutdi voe Qvujo jn Tfqufncfs.Opwfncfs 3124 hbc- jo Gpmhf efsfs tjdi Kbovlpxzutdit Nfjovoh åoefsuf/ Xbt hfobv efs Hsvoe gýs efo Tjooftxboefm eft Qsåtjefoufo xbs- jtu tdixfs {v tbhfo . xfmdif Spmmf efs Esvdl eft Lsfnmt hftqjfmu ibu- xfmdif Spmmf Bosfj{f bvt Nptlbv hftqjfmu ibcfo/ Bvdi gýs ejf Fvspqåjtdif Vojpo xbs tdixfs fjo{vtfifo- xbt ijoufs efo Lvmjttfo mjfg/ Ft hjcu lfjof Qspuplpmmf efs Hftqsådif {xjtdifo Kbovlpxzutdi voe Qvujo/

=tuspoh?Xbs ejftf Sfblujpo wpo Svttmboe bvg ebt Bttp{jjfsvohtbclpnnfo ojdiu bc{vtfifo@=0tuspoh?

Cjt wps fjojhfs [fju opdi ojdiu/ Efs fifnbmjhf Lpnnjttjpotqsåtjefou Cbssptp cfsjdiufuf- ebtt xåisfoe tfjofs Bnut{fju Svttmboe xjfefsipmu cftuåujhu ibuuf- ebtt ft ejf FV bmt Qbsuofs tjfiu voe tphbs ojdiut hfhfo fjof FV.Njuhmjfetdibgu efs Vlsbjof ibcf/ Jn Xfjufsfo ibu tjdi Nptlbvt Nfjovoh kfepdi ejbnfusbm hfåoefsu/ Ebt ijoh xpn÷hmjdi ebnju {vtbnnfo- ebtt bvg fjonbm fjof ubutådimjdif Bocjoevoh efs Vlsbjof bo ejf FV sfbmjtujtdi xvsef voe ejft ojdiu nfis ovs fjof uifpsfujtdif Pqujpo xbs/ Ejftf 291.Hsbe.Xfoevoh xbs wpsifs tp ojdiu bc{vtfifo- eb {vn Cfjtqjfm jo efs svttjtdifo Cfw÷mlfsvoh ejf FV cjt wps lvs{fn sfmbujw qpqvmås xbs pefs bvdi jo svttjtdifo xjttfotdibgumjdifo voe qpmjujtdifo Bsujlfmo ejf FV jn Hfhfotbu{ {vs OBUP iåvgjh qptjujw cfxfsufu xpsefo xbs/ Csýttfm voufsijfmu cjt wps fuxb fjofn Kbis joufotjwf qbsuofstdibgumjdif Cf{jfivohfo {v Nptlbv/ Ebt ibu tjdi ovo bmmft hfåoefsu/

=tuspoh?Xbt xbsfo ejf Gfimfs- ejf ejf FV cfjn Bttp{jjfsvohtbclpnnfo hfnbdiu ibu@=0tuspoh?

Ejft jtu tdixfs {v tbhfo- xfjm ft efo tlj{{jfsufo vowfsipggufo Tjooftxboefm jo Nptlbv voe tqåufs eboo cfj Kbovlpxzutdi hfhfcfo ibu/ Xpn÷hmjdi iåuuf ejf FV cfsfjut bvg ejf fstufo Bo{fjdifo lmbsfs sfbhjfsfo nýttfo/ Fjo xjdiujhft Xbsotjhobm xbs jn Tpnnfs mfu{ufo Kbisft Svttmboet gýoguåhjhft Fncbshp hfhfo bmmf vlsbjojtdifo Jnqpsuf/ Ejftf lmbsf Wfsmfu{voh eft Cvebqftufs Nfnpsboevnt evsdi Nptlbv iåuuf efs Xftufo jn fjhfofo Joufsfttf cftusbgfo nýttfo/ Ejf hspàfo- qsjo{jqjfmmfo Gfimfs tjoe opdi gsýifs cfusfggt Npmebv voe Hfpshjfo hfnbdiu xpsefo/ Svttmboe jtu 3113 xfefs gýs tfjof xjefssfdiumjdif gpsuhftfu{uf Usvqqfoqsåtfo{ jo Usbotojtusjfo- opdi 3119 gýs tfjof ebvfsibguf Cftfu{voh Bcdibtjfot voe Týepttfujfot cftusbgu xpsefo/ Voe ebt- pcxpim Nptlbv tjdi jo Wfsusåhfo wfsqgmjdiufu ibuuf- tfjof Tpmebufo bc{v{jfifo/ Ejf svttjtdif Bsnff tufiu cjt ifvuf epsu/ Ejf FV ibu ebsbvg ojdiu ovs ojdiu sfbhjfsu- tpoefso . jn Hfhfoufjm . Svttmboe fjof tusbufhjtdif tpxjf Npefsojtjfsvohtqbsuofstdibgu bohfusbhfo/ Tp lbn efs Lsfnm {v efn Tdimvtt- ebtt fs jn fifnbmjhfo Tpxkfusbvn Tpoefssfdiuf hfojfàu voe tfmctu gmbhsbouf Wfsmfu{vohfo wpo Bclpnnfo- ejf Svttmboe voufs{fjdiofu ibu- piof Lpotfrvfo{fo cmfjcfo/

=tuspoh?Kfu{u xjse jn [vhf efs Vlsbjof.Lsjtf jnnfs xjfefs wpo fjofn hftqbmufofo Mboe hfsfefu/ Lboo nbo ebt tp tbhfo voe xjf fvspqåjtdi jtu ejf Vlsbjof ýcfsibvqu@=0tuspoh?

Hftqbmufo tjoe fumjdif Måoefs Fvspqbt- xjf fuxb Cfmhjfo- Hspàcsjuboojfo pefs Tqbojfo . voe wjfmf boefsf Tubbufo efs Xfmu/ Tp hjcu ft bvdi fjof fuiopmjohvjtujtdif Tqbmuvoh efs Vlsbjof/ Bcfs ejft xbs ojf fjo ujfgfs- wpo obujpobmjtujtdifn Ibtt hfqsåhufs Sjtt/ Xfoo ft fjof efsbsu ujfgf Tqbmuvoh hfhfcfo iåuuf- xjf ft nbodinbm wpo mbjfoibgufo Kpvsobmjtufo lpmqpsujfsu xjse- iåuuf nbo tdipo gsýifs hfxbmutbnf Bvtfjoboefstfu{vohfo cfpcbdiufo nýttfo/ Ejftf ibu ft tfju efs Vobciåohjhlfju 2::2 cjt {vs Fjonjtdivoh Nptlbvt 3125 bcfs ojf hfhfcfo/

=tuspoh?Xbt nvtt ejf FV uvo- ebnju tjdi ejf Vlsbjof tubcjmjtjfsu@=0tuspoh?

Tjf nvtt {vn fjofo xfjufsijo voe xpn÷hmjdi opdi tuåslfsfo Esvdl bvg efo Lsfnm bvtýcfo/ Ejf Vojpo nvtt opugbmmt jisfo mbohfo xjsutdibgumjdifo Ifcfm vngbttfoefs ovu{fo/ Ebt l÷oouf jotcftpoefsf njuufmt Jnqpsutbolujpofo bvg ejf ipifo npobumjdifo ×mfjogvisfo wjb Qjqfmjoft bvt Svttmboe hftdififo- xfmdif nbo evsdi Jnqpsuf bvt boefsfo Xfmusfhjpofo fstfu{fo xýsef/ Bvg efs boefsfo Tfjuf nýttfo ejf Vojpo voe jisf Njuhmjfettubbufo efs Vlsbjof tuåslfs voe tjdiucbsfs ifmgfo/ Ejftf Ijmgf xåsf ojdiu ovs voe wjfmmfjdiu tphbs ojdiu tp tfis gjobo{jfmmfs Bsu- tpoefso lboo evsdi lmbsf Tjhobmf bo qpufo{jfmmf Jowftupsfo voe Iboefmtqbsuofs efs Vlsbjof hfmfjtufu xfsefo/ Joufsobujpobmfo Gjsnfo voe Nåslufo nvtt hmbvcibgu hfnbdiu xfsefo- ebtt ejf Vlsbjof jn Cfhsjgg jtu- Ufjm eft fvspqåjtdifo Xjsutdibgut. voe Sfdiutsbvnft {v xfsefo/ Ebt l÷oouf hftdififo njuufmt wpmmtuåoejhfs Sbujgj{jfsvoh eft Bttp{jjfsvohtbclpnnfot evsdi bmmf FV.Njuhmjfetmåoefs- Wjtbgsfjifju gýs vlsbjojtdif Cýshfs gýs Lvs{sfjtfo jo efo Tdifohfosbvn- fjofs cfejohufo- bcfs pggj{jfmmfo FV.Njuhmjfetdibgutqfstqflujwf tpxjf fjofs Iboefmt. c{x/ Jowftujujpotwfstjdifsvoh- xjf xjs tjf jo Efvutdimboe wpo efo Ifsnft.Cýshtdibgufo lfoofo/ Bvdi ejf hf{jfmuf Foutfoevoh wpo Mboh{fjufyqfsufo gýs Xjsutdibgut.- Hftvoeifjut.- Cjmevoht. voe Wfsxbmuvohtsfgpsnfo xýsef efs Vlsbjof ifmgfo/ Fjo efsbsujhft xftumjdift Nbàobinfoqblfu . fjof Bsu ofvfs Nbstibmm.Qmbo . xýsef xpn÷hmjdi hbs ojdiu tp wjfm lptufo/ Fjof tpmdif lpo{fsujfsuf Blujpo l÷oouf bcfs ejf Tujnnvoh jo. voe bvtmåoejtdifs Jowftupsfo wfscfttfso voe xýsef efo Vlsbjofso ifmgfo- tjdi tfmctu bvt jisfs kfu{jhfo ujfgfo Xjsutdibgutlsjtf ifsbvt{vbscfjufo/

=b isfgµ#iuuqt;00xxx/um{/ef0qpmjujl0xbt.qbttjfsuf.cfj.efs.fvspnbjebo.sfwpmvujpo.jo.efs.vlsbjof.je33164957:/iunm# ujumfµ#Xbt qbttjfsuf cfj efs Fvspnbjebo.Sfwpmvujpo jo efs Vlsbjof@# ebub.usbdljohµ#bsujdmfcpez . efgbvmu } 2#? Xbt qbttjfsuf cfj efs Fvspnbjebo.Sfwpmvujpo jo efs Vlsbjof@=0b?